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"Stjepan Filipović (27 January 1916 - 22 May 1942) was a Yugoslav communist who led the Kolubara Company of the Valjevo Partisan Detachment during the 1941 Partisan uprising. He was captured and executed in 1942 in Valjevo. A photo of him taken shortly before his execution became a symbol of resistance against fascism in the Second World War, and was, among others, exhibited in the United Nations building in New York. He was proclaimed People's Hero of Yugoslavia in 1949. Biography Monument to Filipović in Valjevo Stjepan Filipović was born on 27 January 1916 in Opuzen (modern-day Croatia) as the fifth child of Anton and Ivka Filipović. He is of Croat origin. The Filipović family moved throughout the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, so he lived in Županja, Mostar and Kragujevac. In Kragujevac, he studied locksmithing and mastered the basics of electrical wiring, carpentry and bookbinding. He joined the labour movement in 1937, but he was arrested in 1939 and sentenced to a year in prison. He joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia in 1940. Filipović was commander of the Partisans' Tamnavsko-Kolubarski unit in Valjevo (modern-day Serbia) by 1941. He was captured on 24 December 1941 by Chetniks unit of Kosta Pećanac and hanged in Valjevo by Serbian State Guard unit on 27 May 1942, aged 26. As the rope was put around his neck, Filipović raised his arms and shouted "Smrt fašizmu, sloboda narodu!" ("Death to fascism, freedom to the people!"). He urged the Yugoslav people to resist and implored them to never cease resisting. A photograph taken at this moment was widely reproduced and became a symbol of anti-fascist resistance. A statue of Filipović was cast in its likeness. Filipović was declared a National Hero of Yugoslavia on 14 December 1949. The town of Valjevo has a statue dedicated to him, "Stevan Filipović". A monument was also erected in his home town of Opuzen in 1968, but was demolished in 1991. His brother Šimun was shot by Germans in the Kragujevac massacre. Although he was an ethnic Croat, which could have saved him from death, he refused to say so, and he shared his fate with citizens of Kragujevac. Stjepan's second brother Nikola was killed in May 1943 as a member of the 1st Proletarian Brigade. References External links *Narodni heroji Jugoslavije, Mladost, Belgrade, 1975. Category:1916 births Category:1942 deaths Category:People from Opuzen Category:People from the Kingdom of Dalmatia Category:Yugoslav Partisans members Category:20th-century Croatian people Category:Croatian communists Category:Executed Croatian people Category:Recipients of the Order of the People's Hero Category:Resistance members killed by Nazi Germany Category:People executed by Nazi Germany by hanging Category:Croatian people executed by Nazi Germany Category:Yugoslav people executed by Nazi Germany Category:People notable for being the subject of a specific photograph "
"Lauhanvuori National Park () is a national park in the Southern Ostrobothnia region of Finland, on the border of Kauhajoki and Isojoki. It was established in 1982 and covers . The park is characterized by its pine forestland, spring brooks, and swamps. Nature Mountain "Kivijata" The Lauhanvuori mountain is a high moraine mountain and one of the highest points in Western Finland. The summit area was uncovered 9500 BCE when the glacier retreated, and it has never been under the water. Indeed, it was an island in the middle of the Ancylus Lake. Flora and fauna The summit of Lauhanvuori is lusher than its surroundings due to not having been under the sea and thus having retained its loose soil and nutrients. The hillsides are barren and infertile. Cranes and capercaillies can be heard in the bogs during summertime. The willow grouse also inhabits the bogs. The park also has a hectare of fen, where Succisa pratensis, brown beak sedge, carnation sedge, moor rush, Scottish asphodel, and many rare mosses grow. Lauhanvuori is the southernmost habitat of the Scottish asphodel. See also * List of national parks of Finland * Protected areas of Finland References External links * Outdoors.fi – Lauhanvuori National Park * Category:Protected areas established in 1982 Category:Geography of Southern Ostrobothnia Category:Tourist attractions in Southern Ostrobothnia Category:1982 establishments in Finland "
"Joel R. Primack (born July 14, 1945) is a professor of physics and astrophysics at the University of California, Santa Cruz and is a member of the Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics. Primack received his A.B. from Princeton University in 1966 and his Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1970. His fields of study are relativistic quantum field theory, cosmology, and particle astrophysics. He is also involved in supercomputer simulations of dark matter models. He directs the University of California High-Performance AstroComputing Center (UC-HiPACC). Primack is best known for his co-authorship with George Blumenthal, Sandra Moore Faber, and Martin Rees of the theory of cold dark matter (CDM) in 1984.Joel R. Primack, "Dark Matter, Galaxies, and Large Scale Structure in the Universe", SLAC-PUB-3387 (July 1984), in Proceedings of the International School of Physics XCII 1987 He co-authored two books with Nancy Abrams, The View from the Center of the Universe (2006)The View from the Center of the Universe. Joel R. Primack and Nancy Ellen Abrams, Riverhead Books, 2007 (). and The New Universe and the Human Future (2011).The New Universe and the Human Future - The Terry Lectures. Joel R. Primack and Nancy Ellen Abrams, Yale University Press, 2012 (). He played main roles in starting the Congressional Science and Technology Fellowship program, the Forum on Physics and Society of the American Physical Society, and the Science and Human Rights program of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1970-1973. ; Link in APS website He is a fellow of the American Physical Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. References External links * The Terry Lectures 2009 - Yale University - first of four lectures on cosmology by Joel Primack and Nancy Abrams. Category:American astronomers Category:Lick Observatory Category:University of California, Santa Cruz faculty Category:Stanford University alumni Category:Living people Category:1945 births "