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"was a popular Japanese singing comedian, mostly known by his stage name Enoken (エノケン). A major innovator during his heyday, Enoken's stage shows, radio appearances, and film roles were a major influence within Tokyo theatre before World War II, and was a catalyst for the revival of comedy in the postwar period. Born in Aoyama, Tokyo, the son of rice cracker shop owners, Enomoto fell under the spell of such stars of the Asakusa Opera as Taya Rikizo and Fujiwara Yoshie, and in 1922 he made his stage debut at age 18 as a chorus member of the Asakusa Kinryukan Theatre. The Great Kantō earthquake of the following year dealt a great blow to the opera world in Tokyo, at which time Enomoto shifted to comic theatre. Playing small roles in various comedy productions, he returned to the Asakusa stage in 1929 as part of the troupe Casino Folies. The following year saw him launch his own troupe, Enoken Gekidan, which would firmly establish him as a leading figure in Tokyo theatrical circles. In 1934, he starred in the movie Enoken no Seishun Suikoden (Enoken's Tale of Youth's Folly), and gained national popularity. His subsequent film career saw him parody a whole parade of Japanese historical personages, including Kondō Isami and Sakamoto Ryōma, in a series of "jidai- geki" (historical dramas) and "chanbara" (samurai drama) films, including some directed by Kajirō Yamamoto, Nobuo Nakagawa and Akira Kurosawa. Enomoto became afflicted with necrosis of the right leg in the 1950s, which required amputation, curtailing his film and stage career. He did, however, make a legendary comeback at the Shinjuku Koma Theater 1963 wearing a prosthetic leg. He died in 1970, and is entombed in Hase Temple in Nishi-Azabu, Minato, Tokyo, on whose tombstone is inscribed "The King of Comedy". Selected filmography * Musume jûhachi hanamukô shinan (1928) * Enoken no Seishun Suikoden (1934) * Enoken no majutsushi (1934) * Enoken no Kondō Isami (エノケンの近藤勇) (1935) - Isami Kondô / Ryôma Sakamoto * Enoken no donguri tonbee (1936) * Enoken no senman chôja (1936) - Enoken * Zoku Enoken no senman chôja (1936) - Enoken * Enoken no edokko Santa (1936) - Santa * Edokko Ken-chan (1937) * Enoken no Chakkiri Kinta (エノケンのちゃっきり金太) (1937, part 1, 2) - Himself * Enoken no Sarutobi Sasuke (Aryarya no maki) (1937, part 1, 2) * Enoken no furaibo (1938) * Enoken no hôkaibô (1938) - Hôkaibô * Enoken no bikkuri jinsei (1938) - Enoken * Enoken no gatchiri jidai (1939) - Enoken * Enoken no kurama tengu (1939) * Enoken no mori no Ishimatsu (1939) * Enoken no ganbari senjutsu (1939) - Inada * Enoken no yajikita (1939) * Enoken no zangiri Kinta (1940) * Enoken no homare no dohyôiri (1940) * Enoken no wanwan taishô (1940) * Songoku 1 (1940) * Songoku 2 (1940) * Enoken no songokū: songokū zenko-hen (1940) - Son Goku * Enoken Torazô no shumpû senri (1941) * Enoken no Kinta ûridasa (1941) - Himself * Matte ita otoko (1942) * Suiko den (1942) * Isogawa Heisuke kômyô-banashi (1942) * Hyoroku yume-monogatari (1943) - Hyoroku Oishi * Idaten kaido (1944) * San-jaku sagohei (1944) - 'Three-Footer' Sagohei * Appare Isshin Tasuke (1945) * Shôri no hi made (1945) * Koi no fuunjî (1945) - Kinsuke * Utae! Taiyô (1945) * The Men Who Tread on the Tiger's Tail (1945) - Porter * Jinsei tonbo gaeri (1946) * Toho Show Boat (1946) * Mukoirî gokasen (1947) * Yottsu no koi no monogatari (1947) - Kin-chan (episode 3) * Kyûjukyû niume no hanayome (1947) * Shin baka jidai (1947, part 1, 2) * Basha monogatari (1948) * Enoken no bikkuri shakkuri jidai (1948) * Enoken no homurano (1948) * Utau Enoken torimonochou (1948) * Enoken no kentokyo ichidai ki (1949) * Enoken no Tobisuke bôken ryokô (1949) - Tobisuke * Enoken Kasagi no Osome Hisamatsu (1949) * Tokyo Kid (東京キッド) (1950) - The fortune teller * Enoken no happyakuya- danuki ôabare (1950) * Enoken no tenichibo (1950) * Enoken no sokonuke daihōsō (エノケンの底抜け大放送) (1950) * Umon torimonochô: Katame ookami (1951) - Kinzaemon Kinokuniya * Gokuraku rokkasen (1951) * Okaru Kanpei (1952) - Kenichi Hanemoto * Kin no tamago: Golden girl (1952) * Tonchinkan-Mitsu no uta (1952) * Rankugo nagaya ha hana zakari (1954) * Rakugo series - Dai ichi-wa: Rakugo nagaya wa hanazakari (1954) - Hachigorô * Natsu matsuri rakugochoyo (1954) * Rankugo nagaya obake sodo (1954) * Enoken no tengoku to jigoku (1954) * Hatsuwarai sokonuke tabi nikki (1955) * Yancha musume gyojoki (1955) * Hanayome rikkohô (1955) * Owarai torimonocho-hatchan hatsutegara (1955) * Muttsuri Umon torimonocho (1955) * Masura o hashutsu fukai (1956) * Ôabare Cha-Cha musume (1956) * Gokuraku ôichiza (1956, part 1, 2) - Ken'nosuke Nakamura * Takarashima sendai (1956) * Gokurakuto monogatari (1957) * Nitôhei monogatari: Aa senyû no maki (1958) * The Three Treasures (1959) - God of Yaoyorozu * Rankugô tengoko shinshiroku (1960) * Storm Over the Pacific (1960) * Dare yori-mo kane o aisu (1961) * Kanpai! Gokigen yarou (1961) * Jirocho shacho to Ishimatsuhain: Ifu dodo (1962) * Kigeki: Danchi oyabun (1962) * Todan Goro ichiza (1963) * Hana no o-Edo no hôkaibô (1965) - The first Hokaibo (final film role) Sources *「父から子におくる一億人の昭和史：人物現代史」(100 Million People's Showa History, from Father to Child: Historical Biographies), Mainichi Shimbun Press, 1977. *Kenichi Enomoto IMDB Biography *Prominent People of Minato City 1904 births 1970 deaths Japanese male actors Comedians from Tokyo Japanese amputees Japanese comedians 20th-century Japanese male actors Recipients of the Medal with Purple Ribbon Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun, 4th class 20th-century comedians "
"Paranal Observatory is an astronomical observatory operated by the European Southern Observatory (ESO). It is located in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile on Cerro Paranal at altitude, south of Antofagasta. By total light- collecting area, it is the largest optical-infrared observatory in the Southern Hemisphere; worldwide, it is second to the Mauna Kea Observatory on Hawaii. The Very Large Telescope (VLT), the largest telescope on Paranal, is composed of four separate telescopes. In addition, the four main telescopes can be used simultaneously for extra light gathering capacity, and for interferometry. Four auxiliary telescopes of each are also part of the VLTI to make it available when the main telescopes are being used for other projects. The site also houses two survey telescopes with wide fields of view, the VISTA and the VLT Survey Telescope for surveying large areas of the sky; and two arrays of small telescopes called NGTS and SPECULOOS which are dedicated to searching for exoplanets. Two major new facilities are under construction nearby: the southern part of the Cherenkov Telescope Array gamma-ray telescope (not owned by ESO) will be sited in the grounds 10 km south-east of Paranal; while ESO's future E-ELT will be on the nearby peak of Cerro Armazones 20 km east of Paranal, and will share some of the base facilities. Telescopes =Aerial view = From an aerial view of the Paranal Observatory, the four large units of the VLT with their four small, dome-shaped auxiliary telescopes can be clearly seen. The Survey Telescope, VST, is immediately adjacent to the VLT and seen in between two of its units, while VISTA is located on a secondary peak, some 1,500 m away in the background (see image). = Very Large Telescope = The Very Large Telescope (VLT) consists of four 8.2-metre telescopes operating in the visible and infrared. These telescopes, along with four smaller auxiliary telescopes, are also combined to operate as an optical interferometer on certain nights of the year. All of the 8.2-metre telescopes have adaptive optics and a full suite of instruments. = VISTA Survey Telescope = VISTA is the Visible & Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy, a 4.0-metre telescope with a wide field of view, focusing on infrared surveys of the sky. It was built close to ESO's VLT by a consortium of 18 universities from the United Kingdom, led by Queen Mary University of London. VISTA was handed over to the European Southern Observatory in December 2009. = VLT Survey Telescope (VST) = The VLT Survey Telescope or VST is a 2.6-metre telescope with a wide field imager intended to aid the four Very Large Telescope (VLTs) in their scientific aims. = Next-Generation Transit Survey (NGTS) = The Next-Generation Transit Survey (NGTS) is an exoplanet-survey facility located a few kilometers from the main peak. It consists of an array of twelve 0.2-meter robotic telescopes with a very large field of view of 96 square degrees or several hundred times the area of the full moon. The survey aims to discover numerous super-Earths and Neptune-sized planets around nearby stars, using transit photometry to detect them. NGTS is managed by a partnership of seven academic institutions from Chile, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom and its design is based on the SuperWASP project. Science operations began in early 2015. = SPECULOOS Southern Observatory (SSO) = The SPECULOOS Southern Observatory (SSO) consists out of four telescopes, called Europa, Io, Callisto, and Ganymede. ESO hosts the 1-meter telescopes and the project is led by the University of Liège. The project aims to find exoplanets around ultracool dwarf stars and brown dwarfs. The project builds on the success of the TRAPPIST telescope. The telescopes are located next to the NGTS. Other buildings As well as the telescopes, control buildings and maintenance facilities, Paranal has a Residencia which provides accommodation for staff and visitors. This is located 200 m lower and 3 km from the telescopes. It is built half into the mountain with the concrete coloured to blend into the landscape. It has gym facilities, a swimming pool, a restaurant and two gardens. The construction was decorated by the Chilean architect Paula Gutiérrez Erlandsen, Marchioness of la Pica. Gallery Image:From a Dirt Track to the World's Leading Observatory.jpg|Main entrance of the Paranal Observatory. File:360-degree Panorama of the Southern Sky edit.jpg|A 360-degree panorama of the southern sky above the Paranal platform Image:Wallpaper of Paranal and the Basecamp.jpg|The ESO Residencia (center left) and basecamp at Paranal Image:Very Large Telescope Array.aerial view.jpg|Aerial view Image:Paranal platform.jpg|Paranal platform with the VLTs, the ATs and VST File:The Next-Generation Transit Survey (NGTS) at Paranal.jpg|The NGTS with the VLT and VISTA (background) Image:Paranal Platform as Night Sets In .jpg|The platform as night sets Image:Laser Towards Milky Ways Centre.jpg|Beam of the laser guide star facility at VLT's Yepun Unit File:Paranal Time-lapse 2012(2f).ogg|Time-lapse taken at Paranal, showing the Magellanic Clouds File:Full tour of ESO's Paranal Observatory in miniature.webm|Full tour of the facility in LEGO® form File:Paranal Observatory Compilation 2017.webm|This collection of video clips shows daily life at the observatory File:Tour the Skies - potw2004a.jpg|Tour the Skies. File:Colour in the air - Potw2007a.jpg|Colour in the air. File:SPECULOOS Observatory eso1839a.jpg|Three of the SPECULOOS telescopes Popular culture and other uses To illustrate the isolation of the Paranal Observatory from the lights of civilization, it is located in straight-line distance north of Paposo, population 259, the nearest community to the observatory.Google Earth The VLT hotel, the Residencia, served as a backdrop for part of the 2008 James Bond film Quantum of Solace. The observatory's facilities were used to stage the Pacific Alliance's fourth summit in June 2012, formally launching the organization. On 14 March 2013, Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark, accompanied by his wife, Princess Mary, visited ESO's Paranal Observatory, as part of an official visit to Chile. Their tour of Paranal's astronomical facilities was led by ESO's Director General, Tim de Zeeuw. See also * Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory * European Northern Observatory * La Silla Observatory * List of astronomical observatories * List of largest optical reflecting telescopes * Llano de Chajnantor Observatory (includes ALMA) References External links * European Southern Observatory homepage *Paranal Observatory homepage *Visits to the Paranal Observatory Photo gallery of ESO Paranal Observatory Astronomical observatories in Chile Atacama Desert Buildings and structures in Antofagasta Region European Southern Observatory Articles containing video clips "
"James Baldwin (1924–1987) was an American novelist, essayist, and civil rights activist. James Baldwin may also refer to: *James Baldwin (baseball) (born 1971), American right-handed pitcher and batter *James Baldwin (editor and author) (1841–1925), American educator, writer, and administrator *James Baldwin (Los Angeles) (circa 1859), settler and blacksmith in early Los Angeles, California *James A. Baldwin (1886–1964), American football coach *James Fowle Baldwin (1782–1862), American civil engineer, surveyor, and senator *James Harris Baldwin (1876–1944), United States federal judge *James J. Baldwin (1888–1955), American architect *James L. Baldwin (1921–1979), American major general *James Mark Baldwin (1861–1934), American philosopher and psychologist *James N. Baldwin, attorney and 3rd President of Excelsior College *James T. Baldwin (1933–2018), American industrial designer and writer *Jamie Baldwin, character played by actor Rupert Hill on British soap opera Coronation Street See also *Baldwin (disambiguation) "