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"The Rubik R-08 Pilis was a Hungarian single-seat, advanced training glider first flown in 1939. It was very successful; 269 were built in batches, the first starting in 1939 and the last in 1956. Design and development In designing the Pilis, Ernő Rubik was influenced by the arrival in Hungary of a German Göppingen Gö 1 advanced trainer, itself a response to the Grunau Baby. The Pilis emerged as a smaller development of his Szittya. The prototype (R-08a) and first production model (R-08b) of the Pilis had gull wings but later versions had wings without dihedral. All were mounted on top of the fuselage and had a single spar with plywood covering forward of it around the leading edge, forming a torsion resistant D-box. An internal drag strut ran from the inboard spar to the fuselage and the area ahead of this spar was also ply covered. The rest of the wing was fabric covered. The inner part of the wing plan was rectangular but the outer panels tapered to rounded tips. Long span ailerons were mounted at an angle to the main spar and had constant chord over most of their length but tapered on reaching the inner part. The first two production variants, like the prototype, had no airbrakes but these were introduced on the R-08d, initially designated R-09, mounted on the rear of the spar between the tapered section and the drag strut. The Pilis's fuselage was a ply semi-monocoque structure with strengthening frames and stringers, roughly oval in section but with sharp junctions above and below. The forward part, with the wing on its top and open cockpit below and immediately ahead of the leading edge, was deepest before tapering to the tail. Overall, the fuselage of the prototype appeared to be slightly curved in profile but correction of control problems in landing flare led to a straightened fuselage, lengthened by , for all production variants. All production models had similar tails, with tapered and round-tipped horizontal surfaces mounted just above the fuselage, to which the tailplane was braced with a single strut on each side. Tailplane and elevators had roughly equal areas. The rudder was full, curved and mounted on a very small fin. The tail of the first prototype, the R-08a was a little different from those of production aircraft, with a taller fin, unbalanced rudder and a noticeably taller tailplane pylon. All Pilis had a standard rubber-sprung landing skid under the forward fuselage. On most this ran from the nose almost to the wing trailing edge but some later R-08ds and B-2s (a new name for R-08ds built in a production run started in 1956) had a shorter skid, which ended below the bottom of the wing strut, with a semi-exposed monowheel just aft of it. The same late series introduced enclosed cockpits; all earlier models had a removable ply cockpit surround, of model-dependent size, fitted with a simple windscreen which left the pilot's head and shoulders exposed but on these late examples the screen was replaced with an enclosing transparency. One B-2, the Győr 3 Motor-Pilis, was motorized with an Porsche engine mounted in pusher configuration on struts above the wing. It had a fully exposed wheel at the bottom of the wing strut. Though it flew successfully, no more were built. Variants Late production R-08D with mono-wheel. ;R-08a A-Polis: Prototype, with gull wing. 1 built. ;R-08b B-Polis: First production model, with gull wing and straightened and lengthened fuselage to improve landing characteristics. Rudder balanced. 5 built. ;R-08c C-Polis: Straight wing. 70 built. ;R-08d D-Polis: Prototype (originally known as the R-09) flew in 1943 but no production until 1948. Airbrakes fitted. Post-1953, some R-08ds had a landing wheel. 97 built, the send half having removable, enclosed cockpits. 67 built. ;B-2 Pilis: Alternative name for R-08ds built in production run started in 1956. 31 built, half with both open and half with closed cockpits. ;Győr 3 Motor-Pilis: A B-2 fitted with an Porsche engine mounted above the wing. Modified landing gear. Aircraft on display * R-08D Pilis HA-3391, Kzlekedesi Muzeum, Budapest. Several more examples are stored here and elsewhere in Hungary and may be examined with advanced notice. Specifications (R-08c C-Polis) References Category:Aircraft first flown in 1939 Category:1930s Hungarian sailplanes Category:Rubik aircraft "
""The Third Bank of the River" is a short story written by João Guimarães Rosa, published in his book Primeiras Estórias (First Stories), in 1962. It is narrated in first person by the son of a man who decides to leave the family and the whole society to live within a small [canoe] in a huge river. Guimarães Rosa uses several expressions and culture facts of specific regions of Brazil (which is known as regionalism in the literature), but the tale is however universal, dealing with great dilemmas of human existence. It is written in poetic prose and has sentences that play with specific orality of Brazilian Portuguese. Criticism and interpretations Alienation In a article from February 1966 about the short stories of the book "First Stories" and the general work of Guimarães Rosa, Paulo Rónai concludes that "The third bank of the river" deals with the alienation that is "accepted as a painful part of life's routine when it is gradually declared."Rónai, 1966, p.22 The narrator of the tale starts to infect himself with the dementia of his father.Rónai, 1966, p.26. Orality About orality, Rónai observes that the tales of "First Stories" use idioms that we are accustomed to hear in the mouths of people and that, in their fruity vigor, give delicious flavor and energy to the popular speech. He uses as examples the following sentences extracted from this short story: "Nosso pai nada não dizia.", "Do que eu mesmo me alembro", "Nossa casa, no tempo, ainda era mais próxima do rio, obra de nem quarto de légua", "perto e longe de sua família dele", "avisado que nem Noé".Rónai, 1966, p.31-32. Rosa, therefore, would not be a writer who merely reproduces popular language, as he uses neologisms and idioms in a way that, for Rónai, is "so provocatively original".Rónai, 1966, p.32.. Neologisms As stated earlier, Rosa not only portrays a popular and peasant speech, but also invents new words and terms in his texts. On "The third bank of the river", the neologism "diluso" is a possible variant of "diluto" or "diluído" (diluted, dissolved).A terceira margem do rio (Conto de Primeiras estórias), de Guimarães Rosa. Passeiweb. Acesso: 8 de julho de 2018. Influence Popular music The song "The third bank of the river", with music by Milton Nascimento and lyrics by Caetano Veloso, was composed in 1991,Santana, 2013, p.18. explicitly from the eponymous tale of Guimarães Rosa. The song is ninth track of the album Circuladô (1991), by Caetano Veloso. Adaptations Cinema * This tale was adapted to the cinema in a French-Brazilian film of 1994 named The Third Bank of the River and directed by Nelson Pereira dos Santos. Bibliography * RONAI, Paulo. "Os vastos espaços" (escrito em 1966). in: Primeiras Estórias. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Nova Fronteira, 2001. * ROSA, Vilma Guimarães Rosa. Relembramentos. Nova Fronteira, 2014 [1983]. * SANTANA, Ana Glécia Ramos de. "O estudo da literatura na contemporaneidade: como a poética é realizada nas canções". Camaçari: Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. Available online here. References Category:1962 short stories Category:Works by João Guimarães Rosa Category:Brazilian works adapted into films Category:Short stories adapted into films "
"Roger Hugh Trigg (born 14 August 1941) is a British philosopher and Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Warwick. He is known for his works on philosophy of religion. Trigg has been President of the Mind Association, Founding President of the British Society for the Philosophy of Religion, President of the European Society for Philosophy of Religion, and the first President of the British Philosophical Association. References External links *Roger Trigg at the University of Warwick Category:1941 births Category:20th-century British philosophers Category:20th-century Protestants Category:Academics of the University of Oxford Category:Academics of the University of Warwick Category:Alumni of New College, Oxford Category:Analytic philosophers Category:British philosophers Category:British Protestants Category:Living people Category:People from Pontypridd Category:Philosophers of religion Category:Philosophy academics Category:Protestant philosophers "