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"The United States maintained its Constitutional Republic government structure throughout World War II. Certain expediencies were taken within the existing structure of the Federal government, such as conscription and other violations of civil liberties, and the internment and later dispersal of Japanese- Americans. Still, elections were held as scheduled in 1944. Overview The United States entered World War II with the Administration that had been at the helm of the nation since 1932, that of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. This administration had been preparing for war for a while by the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor. President of the United States President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Vice President Henry A. Wallace won the election of 1940, and were at the helm of the nation as it prepared for and entered World War II. Roosevelt sought and won an unprecedented fourth term in office in 1944, but this time with Harry S. Truman as his Vice President. Roosevelt, who had been a victim of polio early in life, died in April 1945, and Truman assumed the Presidency through the end of the war. Cabinet *Secretary of State **Cordell Hull pre-war to November 1944 **Edward Stettinius to war's end *Secretary of the Interior **Harold Ickes throughout the war *Secretary of Commerce **Jesse H. Jones pre-war to June 1945 **Henry A. Wallace to war's end *Secretary of the Treasury **Henry Morgenthau Jr. pre-war to June 1945 **Fred M. Vinson to war's end *Secretary of Labor **Frances Perkins pre-war to June 1945 **Schwellenback to war's end *Secretary of War **Henry L. Stimson throughout the war *Secretary of the Navy **Frank Knox pre-war to May 1944 **James V. Forrestal to war's end *Secretary of Agriculture **Claude Wickard pre-war to June 1945 **Anderson to war's end *Postmaster General **Frank C. Walker pre-war to June 1945 **Robert E. Hannegan to war's end *Attorney General **Francis Biddle pre-war to June 1945 **Tom C. Clark to war's end *Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation **J. Edgar Hoover throughout the war Executive Agencies *Foreign Economic Administration under Director Crowley, formed September 1943 from the Office of Economic Warfare, the Office of Lend Lease Administration, and the Office of Foreign Relief and Rehabilitation Operations. *Office of Price Administration under Administrators Henderson, Brown, and Bowles, formed April 1941 (originally named the Office of Price Administration and Civilian Supply). *Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion under Chairmen Byrnes and Vinson, formed in May 1943 as the Office of War Mobilization. *War Production Board under Chairmen Nelson and King, formed in January 1942 from the Office of Production Management and the Supply Priorities and Allocation Board. *Economic Stabilization Board under Chairmen Byrnes and Vinson, formed in October 1942 as the Office of Economic Stabilization. *War Manpower Commission under Chairman McNuff, formed in April 1942. *United States Maritime Commission under Chairman Land. *War Shipping Administration under Administrator Land, formed in February 1942. *Office of Defense Transportation under Chairman Eastman, formed in December 1941. *Petroleum Administration for War under Administrator Ickes, formed in December 1942. *War Food Administration formed in December 1942. *National War Labor Board under Chairman Davis, formed in January 1942. *Office of Scientific Research and Development under Chairman Bush, formed in July 1941. *Office of War Information under Chairman Davis, formed in June 1942. *Office of Civilian Defense under Chairmen LaGuardia and Landis, formed in May 1941. Joint Chiefs of Staff The Joint Chiefs were military officers, as opposed to the above, who were for the most part civilians. *Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff William D. Leahy *Army Commander-in-Chief and Chief of Staff George C. Marshall *Navy Commander-in- Chief and Chief of Operations Ernest King *Army Air Force Commander Henry Arnold *Marine Corps Commandant Alexander Vandegrift *Army Air Force Chief of Staff Giles *Army Ground Forces Commander Lear *Army Service Forces Commander Somervell In addition, the following offices reported to the Joint Chiefs of Staff: *Operations Division, formerly the War Plans Division. *Military Intelligence Division *Office of Naval Intelligence Category:Politics of World War II Category:United States home front during World War II Category:Politics of the United States "
"Christiern Gunnar Albertson (October 18, 1931 – April 24, 2019) was a New York City-based jazz journalist, writer and record producer. Early life Albertson was born in Reykjavík, but his father left the family before he was a year old. Yvonne, his mother, married three more times. He was educated in Iceland, Denmark and England before studying commercial art in Copenhagen. In 1947, while living in Copenhagen, Albertson listened by chance to a Bessie Smith recording on radio; it led to an abiding interest in jazz and blues music. "We found magic in such names as Kid Ory, King Oliver, Johnny Dodds, Bessie Smith and Ma Rainey", he wrote on his Stomp Off blog in 2010. On his home tape machine, Albertson recorded visiting British New Orleans revivalists Ken Colyer, Chris Barber and Lonnie Donegan in 1953. These recordings were subsequently released on the Danish Storyville Records and British Tempo Records labels. Career In 1957, after two years as a disc jockey for Armed Forces Radio at Keflavík Air Base, in Iceland, Albertson migrated to the United States, initially working for radio stations in Philadelphia. At WCAU (a CBS affiliate) and WHAT-FM, a 24-hour jazz station, he conducted interviews, including one with Lester Young, one of only two extant with the tenor saxophonist.Included in The Complete Lester Young Studio Sessions – Verve box set 314 547 087-2 (disc 8) He was naturalised as an American citizen in 1963. In 1960–61 he was employed by Riverside Records' Bill Grauer as a producer. In this capacity, he arranged and recorded the last sessions of blues singer Ida Cox (whom he brought out of retirement)Blues For Rampart Street – Riverside OJCCD-1758-2 and boogie woogie pianist Meade Lux Lewis,The Blues Piano Artistry of Meade Lux Lewis – Riverside OJCCD-1759-2 and supervised the label's 'Living Legends' series of location recordings. The initial albums in this series were made in New Orleans and featured such early jazz musicians as pianist Sweet Emma Barrett,Sweet Emma Barrett "The Bell Gal" and Her Dixieland Boys – Riverside OJCCD-1832-2 clarinetist Louis Cottrell, Jr.,Bourbon Street – Riverside OJCCD-1836-2 trumpeters Percy Humphrey and Kid Thomas,Kid Thomas and His Algiers Stompers – Riverside OJCCD-1833-2 blues duo Billie and De de Pierce, and trombonist Jim Robinson. He continued the series in Chicago, with performances by Lil Armstrong, Alberta Hunter, Little Brother Montgomery,Piano, Vocal and Band Blues – Riverside OBCCD-525-2 and Earl Hines.A Monday Date – Riverside OJCCD-1740-2 Albertson subsequently worked as producer for Prestige Records, supervising sessions by, among others, guitarist/singer Lonnie Johnson,Blues By Lonnie Johnson – Prestige OBCCD-502-2 whom he had pulled from obscurity while working in Philadelphia. He also founded his own production company, supervising sessions with Howard McGhee,Sharp Edge – Black Lion 6044552 Roy Eldridge, Bud Freeman,Something To Remember You By – Black Lion BLCD-760153 Ray Bryant, and Elmer Snowden.Harlem Banjo – Riverside OJCCD-1756-2 In the mid-sixties, he worked at NYC radio station WNEW, leaving there for Pacifica Radio's NY station WBAI, where he eventually became General Manager. In 1967, Albertson worked for the BBC in London, advising them on how to adapt their radio programs for sale in North America. In 1971, Albertson co-produced and hosted The Jazz Set, a weekly television program that was aired from coast to coast by Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) Public television and featured such guests as Charles Mingus, Bill Evans, Randy Weston, Jimmy Heath, and Ray Bryant. At this time, he was also producing reissues for Columbia Records, including the complete Bessie Smith LP sets. His work on these albums won Albertson 1971 two Grammy awards (one in the Best Album Notes category for "The World's Greatest Blues Singer" and a Grammy Trustees Award), a Billboard Trendsetter Award and the Montreux Jazz Festival's Grand Prix du Disque. His standard work, Bessie, a biography of Bessie Smith, first appeared in 1972, with a revised and expanded version published by Yale University Press in 2003.Bessie – Yale University Press, and The revised biography was inducted into the Blues Foundation's Blues Hall of Fame in the Classic of Blues Literature Hall of Fame category in May 2012. In 2015, HBO premiered a biopic, Bessie, starring Queen Latifah in the title role, but Albertson's book was not credited as its basis. Albertson has written TV documentaries, including "The Story of Jazz"Masters of American Music DVD release – BMG 72333 80088-9 and "My Castle's Rocking" (a bio- documentary on Alberta Hunter),DVD release on V.I.E.W. Video 2331 as well as articles and reviews for various publications, including Saturday Review and Down Beat. He was a contributing editor for Stereo Review magazine for twenty- eight years. Albertson was found dead in his Manhattan apartment on April 24, 2019. Notes External links * http://stomp-off.blogspot.com (Blog) Category:1931 births Category:2019 deaths Category:American record producers Category:American people of Icelandic descent Category:Icelandic emigrants to the United States Category:Grammy Award winners Category:People educated at Kent College "
"Macquarie Fields is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Macquarie Fields is located 38 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Campbelltown and is part of the Macarthur region. Macquarie Fields is surrounded by bushland. Nearby Macquarie Links, is a high-security housing estate beside an international standard golf course. The suburb has multiple high schools including Macquarie Fields High School and James Meehan High School. History The original inhabitants of the Macquarie Fields area were the Darug people of western Sydney.Kohen, J: The Darug and their neighbors, page 9-22. The rich soil of the area was home to an abundance of plants which in turn attracted animals such as kangaroos and emus, both of which along with yams and other native vegetables and fruit were part of the diet of the Darug.Kohen, J: The Darug and their neighbors, page 23-30. They lived in small huts called gunyahs, made spears, tomahawks and boomerangs for hunting and had an elaborate system of tribal law and rituals with its origins in the Dreamtime.Kohen, J: The Darug and their neighbors, page 23-46. However, following the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788, they were pushed off their land by the British settlers.Kohen, J: The Darug and their neighbors, page 47-67. Macquarie Fields was named by early landholder James Meehan in honour of the Governor of New South Wales, Lachlan Macquarie. The area was surveyed by Meehan in the early 19th century. Although transported to Australia as a convict for his role in the Irish Rebellion of 1798, Meehan had trained as a surveyor in Ireland and in 1803 was appointed an assistant to NSW Surveyor- General Charles Grimes. In 1806 he was granted a full pardon and in 1810 became Surveyor-General. For his work, he was granted a number of parcels of land including in what is now Macquarie Fields and neighboring suburbs. He used the rich soil to grow cereal crops, fruit trees and to graze livestock. The property changed hands a couple of times after Meehan's death and in the 1840s, Samuel Terry built a Regency mansion, Macquarie Fields House, which still stands to this day. It is now listed on the Register of the National Estate.The Heritage of Australia, Macmillan Company, 1981, p.2/21 In 1883, then owner William Phillips subdivided the land to create a new town he called Glenwood Estate with grand boulevards and fine buildings. A railway station was added to the line in 1888 but the depression of the 1890s meant the grand town failed to materialize with only a few small houses built on the lots. In the next Great Depression of the 1930s, the area became popular with the homeless who made makeshift huts, not unlike those of the earlier Darug people. After World War II, the village grew steadily. A public school was opened in 1958 and by 1971, the population reached 3700. In the mid-1970s, a large Housing Commission development was built on the east side of town and given the suburb names of Bunbury (later Guise) and Curran after the local creek. Residents of the privately owned areas of Macquarie Fields were strongly opposed to the new developments being included in their suburb and this continued well into the 1980s. Since that time, local authorities have tried to blend the area into a single suburb. Private housing developments sprung up further around and the weight of population contributed to a larger town centre. Heritage listings Macquarie Fields has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: * Quarter Sessions Road: Macquarie Field House Population According to the 2016 census of Population, 13,714 people live in Macquarie Fields . * Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 4.1% of the population. * 53.6% of people were born in Australia. The most common countries of birth were Bangladesh 5.2%, India 4.3%, New Zealand 3.0%, Fiji 2.6% and Philippines 2.6%. * 51.8% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Bengali 7.1%, Arabic 4.2%, Hindi 3.4%, Samoan 3.3% and Marathi 2.3%. * The most common responses for religion were Catholic 19.8%, No Religion 16.3%, Islam 12.8% and Anglican 12.1%. * The most common occupations Clerical and Administrative Workers 15.6%, Labourers 14.6%, Professionals 14.2%, Machinery Operators and Drivers 14.2%, and Technicians and Trades Workers 12.5%. Notable people *Brett Emerton attended Macquarie Fields Public School and Macquarie Fields High School and played for the local soccer club, Gunners United Soccer Club. *Rapper and Emcee Rops1 is from Macquarie Fields Transport Macquarie Fields Station Macquarie Fields railway station is serviced by the Airport & South Line of the Sydney Trains network. Macquarie Fields is serviced by four Interline bus routes: :870 Campbelltown Hospital to Liverpool Station :871 Campbelltown Hospital to Liverpool Station :872 Campbelltown Hospital to Liverpool Station :876 Eucalyptus Drive to Macquarie Fields Station Sport and recreation The town is home to Macquarie Fields Leisure Centre, which contains an indoor aquatic center and an outdoor Olympic sized swimming pool. It also encompasses a gymnasium and indoor sports facilities. There is also a number of sporting fields in the town. Sporting fields include Bensley Road, Hazlet Oval, Monarch Oval and Third Avenue. Services Macquarie Fields contains the WorkVentures Connect Centre at Macquarie Fields. References External links * History of Macquarie Fields, from the City of Campbelltown Council. * [CC-By- SA] Category:Suburbs of Sydney "