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"Kota Kapur inscription contains the word kadatuan çrivijaya. Kedatuan (ancient spelling: Kadatuan; Javanese romanization: Kedaton) were historical semi- independent city-states or principalities throughout ancient Maritime Southeast Asia in present-day Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. In a modern Malay and Indonesian sense, they could be described as kingdoms or polities.Definition of 'Kedatuan' The earliest written record mentioning the term kadatuan was the 7th-century Srivijayan Telaga Batu and Kota Kapur inscription. Etymology The term Kadatuan in Old Malay means "the realm of Datu" or "the residence of Datu". Constructed from old Malay stem word Datu with circumfix ke- -an to denote place. It derived from Datu or Datuk, an ancient Austronesian title and position for regional leader or elder that is used throughout Maritime Southeast Asia. It was mentioned in several inscriptions such as 7th century Srivijayan Old Malay Telaga Batu inscription, and 14th century Sundanese Astana Gede inscription. In wider sense it could refer to the whole principality, on smaller sense however, it could refer to palace where Datu resides. The Kota Kapur inscription mentioned "manraksa yan kadatuan çrivijaya" (to protect the Kadatuan of Srivijaya), thus Srivijaya is described as a kadatuan. In Srivijayan perspective, the realm of the Kadatuan Srivijaya was described consists of several wanua (settlements) each led by a datu (datuk), which means community leader or elder. All of this realm are under control of central kadatuan which also led by a datu. The highest datu in Srivijaya was Dapunta Hyang. Kedatuan is known and widely spread in the Malay-speaking region, including the east coast of Sumatra, the Minangkabau lands, the Malay peninsula, the Borneo coast and the Filipino archipelago.The ancient Kadatuan or Tumao.(Philippine History Files) In Javanese, the term Ratu is used instead of Datu, thus in Java Karaton, Keraton or Kraton is used instead of Kedaton to describe the residence of regional leader. The term is also known in Java as Kedaton, the meaning however, has shifted to architectural term to refer to the inner compound of the living quarter inside keraton (palace) complex. For example, there is the Kedaton complex within the central part of Keraton Surakarta palace in Central Java. Political relations Smaller Kedatuan were often become subordinate to more powerful neighboring Kedatuan, which in turn were subordinate to the central king (Maharaja). The more powerful Kedatuan, sometimes grew to become powerful kingdoms, and occasionally tried to liberate themselves from their suzerain and sometimes enjoyed times of independence, and in turn might subjugate neighboring Kedatuan. Kedatuan, large and small often shifted allegiance, or paid tribute to more than one powerful neighbor. Some Kedatuan, such as Srivijaya, rose to become empires. It is suggested that during its early formation, Srivijaya was a collection or some kind of federation consisting of several kadatuans (local principalities), all swearing allegiance to the central ruling Kadatuan ruled by Srivijayan Maharaja. See also * Mueang, similar concept in mainland Southeast Asia, especially in Thailand and Laos * Mandala, political model in ancient Southeast Asia References Types of country subdivisions "
"Evgeny Sergeevich Abramenko (, tr. Yawhen Syarheyevich Abramenka; Łacinka: Jaŭhien Siarhiejevič Abramienka; , tr. Yevgeniy Sergeyevich Abramenko; born February 26, 1987 in Vitebsk) is a retired Belarusian biathlete.IBU Profile He competed in the 2010 Winter Olympics for Belarus. His best finish is 11th, as a member of the Belarusian relay team. His best individual performance is 40th, in the pursuit.Sports-Reference Profile As of February 2013, his best performance at the Biathlon World Championships, is 6th, in the 2012 mixed relay. His best individual performance in a World Championships is 26th, in the 2011 individual. He won a gold medal in the 2007 World Junior Championships, in the individual. As of February 2013, his best Biathlon World Cup finish is 5th, in the men's relay at Oberhof in 2008/09 . His best individual finish is 19th, achieved three times. His best overall finish in the Biathlon World Cup is 52nd, in 2010/11. References External links 1987 births Biathletes at the 2010 Winter Olympics Biathletes at the 2014 Winter Olympics Belarusian male biathletes Living people Olympic biathletes of Belarus People from Vitebsk "
"Events in the year 1675 in Norway. Incumbents *Monarch: Christian V Events * 15 September - The Gyldenløve War starts. Arts and literatureBirths *Cille Gad, poet and culture personality (d.1711). Deaths Preben von Ahnen * 15 November - Preben von Ahnen, civil servant and landowner (born 1606). =Exact date missing = *Karen Mowat, heiress to the largest fortune in Western Norway (born c.1630). See alsoReferences "